Characteristics of rubber materials
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1. High elasticity: Low elastic modulus, large elongation deformation, recoverable deformation, and able to maintain elasticity over a wide temperature range (-50~150 ℃).
2. Viscoelasticity: Rubber materials are affected by temperature and time during deformation and recovery, exhibiting significant stress relaxation and creep phenomena. Under vibration or alternating stress, hysteresis losses occur.
3. Electrical insulation: Rubber, like plastic, is an electrical insulation material.
4. Aging phenomenon: Like metal corrosion, wood decay, and rock weathering, rubber can also experience aging due to changes in environmental conditions, resulting in deteriorated performance and reduced lifespan.
5. It must be vulcanized before use, except for thermoplastic elastomers.
6. Mixing agents must be added.
Other valuable properties of rubber include low specific gravity, low hardness, good flexibility, and good air tightness.
Indicators for characterizing the physical and mechanical properties of rubber:
1. Tensile strength: also known as tensile strength or tensile strength, refers to the load that a specimen can withstand per unit section when stretched to fracture, measured in megapascals (MPa), previously measured in kilograms of force per square centimeter (kgf/cm2).
2. Tensile stress: formerly known as tensile strength, it refers to the load per unit area that a specimen can withstand when stretched to a certain length. The unit of measurement is the same as the tensile strength. Commonly used are 100%, 300%, and 500% tensile stress. It reflects the ability of rubber to resist external deformation.
3. Tear strength: The load per unit thickness that a special specimen (with a cut or right angled shape) can withstand when torn, indicating the material's tear resistance, measured in kN/m.
4. Elongation: When the test piece is pulled apart, the ratio of the elongation part to the original length is called elongation; Expressed as a percentage.
5. Permanent deformation: The percentage of the unrecoverable part of the gauge length elongation deformation after the specimen is stretched to fracture. After releasing the external force and leaving it for a certain period of time (usually 3 minutes), expressed as a percentage.
6. Resilience: also known as impact elasticity, refers to the ability of rubber to recover its original state after being impacted, expressed in%.
7. Hardness: Refers to the ability of rubber to resist external pressure, commonly measured by a Shore hardness tester. The hardness range of rubber is generally between 20 and 100, measured in Shore A.