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How Do I Fix a Remote Control or Keypad?
Rubber membrane keypads are widely used on burglar alarm panels, remote controls for TV, calculators, audio equipment, satellite boxes, gamepad controllers etc. Keyboards on laptops are now often rubber membrane types, with dome switches mounted on top for tactile feedback.
How Do Rubber Membrane Keypads Work?
If you look inside one of these keypads, there are lots of little rubber pads on the underside of the buttons which push against a circuit board when you press a key. The surface of these rubber pads is impregnated with carbon to make them conductive, so that when the pad makes contact with pairs of metal contacts on the PCB (Printed Circuit Board), it completes a circuit, triggering the circuitry to do something (e.g. send out an infrared signal to a TV, or register a digit on an alarm panel).
Why Do Keypads Stop Working?
Over time, the coating on pads can deteriorate reducing conductivity. Also the contacts on the PCB can become dirty as grime from fingers or food debris gets inside a control and onto the circuit board. If you can't find a new remote control or alarm keypad, or don't want to use a universal remote, you can try cleaning or repair the keypad.
How to Get the Keys to Work on a Remote Control ?
There are several steps to getting a remote back working again:
- Check the batteries. They may simply be flat. Clean the terminals of batteries or replace them.
- Open the remote. It may be held by screws, clips, or the two halves could be plastic welded or glued together.
- Clean the PCB in the control with washing up liquid (soap) or rubbing alcohol. This may temporarily restore functionality.
- Repair the keypad. If cleaning doesn't work, you can repair the pads with electrically conductive ink or graphite, use glue on replacements or make your own from aluminum foil.
Always Check the Batteries First!
If your remote doesn't work, check first that the batteries aren't exhausted. You can use a battery checker, or simply try inserting fresh batteries. Also the electrical terminals in the battery compartment that make contact with the batteries can become tarnished and fail to conduct current. The terminals of batteries can also tarnish. Try cleaning them with wire wool, fine sandpaper, a nail file or similar. Don't over do it as you can easily wear away the shiny nickel coating on the terminals.
This an inexpensive, easy-to-use universal battery checker suitable for 1.5 volt AA, AAA, C and D cells and also small, square 9 volt "PP3" (MN1604) style batteries, often used in digital multimeters. It's suitable for alkaline, NiMH and NiCD cells but not lithium cells. It indicates whether the battery is flat, low or fully charged on an analog scale.
is the Remote Control Sending Out an Infrared Signal?
The key fob for your car transmits a radio signal to operate locks. However, remote controls for TVs and other consumer electronics send out an infra-red signal when you press a button. The signal is emitted by an LED at the front of the control. You can't see this with the naked eye, but if you view the remote with a digital camera or phone, it's possible to detect the signal which appears as a flashing light. If this isn't apparent, check for any loose soldered connections when you open the control and resolder them. My beginner's guide "How to Solder Electronic Components and Wires" shows you how to do this.
How to Open a Remote Control or Alarm Keypad
- First things first: Remove the batteries!
- Remote controls can be held together with screws, clips, by using a plastic welding/glue bonding technique, or a combination of these methods. Screws are often located in the battery compartment, but sometimes can be hidden under rubber pads which you can prize out with an awl or narrow bladed jeweler's screwdriver.
- Once you've done this, try and pull the two halves apart. If they don't come apart easily or if there are no screws apparent, slide a blunt dinner knife into the crack between the two halves of the control to undo the clips, starting at one end.
- Hold the tip end of the blade between your thumb and forefinger. This gives more control and lessens the danger of the knife slipping out and stabbing you in the other hand!
- It's very easy to break the clips, so take care and prize the halves apart bit by bit. You need to feel your way along the crack and with a bit of practice its possible to locate a clip by sliding and pushing in at the same time (the tip of the knife sinks into an indentation).
- Twist the blade to undo the clip.
- Work your way all around the perimeter, and separate the two halves.
Remote alarm keypads generally have a faceplate held on by screws, so you don't need to do any of the above steps.
How to Clean a Remote Control
If the control is really dirty and sticky, e.g. someone has spilled sugared tea, coffee or soda on it, it will need to be cleaned.
After taking it apart, you can wash the two halves of the shell, membrane keypad and circuit board in warm soapy water. I reckon its safe to do this because usually there's only one chip on the board and a few passive components and unlike a cell phone, no complex, high density, surface mounted electronics, or other modules which water could lodge in. Rinse the board, shell and keypad after cleaning, and allow to air dry, or dry with a hair drier.
If the control is unresponsive but hasn't got dirty as described above, you can try cleaning the conductive rubber pads with isopropyl alcohol. This is also known as rubbing alcohol or IPA. You can buy it in bottles or aerosol cans. Its sold in electronic or hobby shops as a cleaning product for circuit boards. Spray a little onto a small piece of paper kitchen towel and clean each pad and the corresponding tracks on the PCB. As an alternative, you can use a cotton bud soaked in alcohol for cleaning.
Cleaning the pads with alcohol usually works for a time, but sometimes a remote becomes unresponsive again. Possibly this has something to do with the conductive layer on the pads permanently breaking down. The only solution then is to use conductive ink or aluminum foil to repair the pads.
Repair Option 1:
Use Electrically Conductive Ink or Graphite Repair Kits There are several products available for restoring keypads such as KePad-Fix which either involve using electrically conductive silver ink/paint or graphite loaded compound to create a new layer on the rubber pads. Depending on the product, you need to clean the pads thoroughly, apply a primer and/or super glue and then paint the pads using the supplied applicator.
Repair Option 2:
Use Replacement Pads Another option is to buy a kit of replacement pads and glue. After cutting off the existing pad, you apply a small dab of glue to the membrane and stick on a new pad, pressing it down to make sure it is attached properly.
Repair Option 3:
Use Aluminum Foil The third option which costs virtually nothing and works quite well is to use aluminum kitchen foil ("tin foil") You need to have nimble fingers to do this and it can be a little tricky, but not overly difficult.
How to Repair a Remote Control With Aluminum Foil
Step 1: Cut the Foil Into Small Squares With a sharp scissors, cut the foil into squares roughly the size of the pads. You don't have to be overly fussy about this, just don't make the squares too large. Tip: A reader has suggested using a paper punch to cut out circles of foil.
Step 2: Apply a Blob of Glue to the Pad Super glue works quite well, but you can also try using contact adhesives or any other type of craft glue. Don't squeeze glue directly from the tube onto a pad, because too much is likely to squirt out, instead apply some to a pinhead, match stick, jeweler's screwdriver or similar, and spread it evenly over the pad.
Step 3: Attach the Foil Square to the Pad Super glue bonds within seconds, so it's important to position the foil properly on the pad. You can use a tweezers, small snipe/needle nose pliers or suction pickup tool to pickup the foil.
Step 4: Press Down Firmly on the Foil Squares
Press down on the square and firm the edges of the square around the pad.
Adhesive Foil Repair Pads
If you don't want to go to the trouble of cutting squares of alu foil and gluing onto the pads, another option is these circular adhesive repair dots. They are 3/16" diameter, so check they are big enough to bridge the contacts on the PCB. 35 dots are supplied in a pack.
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